Dog dandruff and dry skin

Dogs, just like humans, can suffer from dandruff. However, due to the amount of hair they have, dandruff can become a much more irritating condition for dogs than for us. It can even be an indicator of a bigger, underlying condition.

What is dandruff in dogs?

Dandruff occurs in dogs when the sebaceous glands—those responsible for producing the oils which protect and nourish the skin—start to overproduce. The excess oil can irritate the skin and lead to flakiness and skin being shed in greater quantities than normal.

What are the symptoms of dog dandruff?

You'll notice your dog's skin looks dry and possibly irritated or inflamed. There will be white specks hooked on their coat, which may come off on their bedding or on your clothes. Depending on the severity of dandruff and the cause, you may also notice scabs, general hair loss, irregular bald patches, and some scratching or itching.

Dog dandruff often appears in puppies, with medium and long-haired breeds at particular risk.

What is causing dandruff in my dog?

One of the most common causes of dog dandruff is a diet which doesn't include the necessary or highest-quality nutrients your dog needs to develop a healthy coat and skin. Essential fatty acids, like omega 3 and 6, are crucial for supporting your dog's skin, and as dogs can't synthesize these internally, they have to be included in their diet. Similarly, protein is very important; your dog's skin and hair uses 30% of their daily protein intake to grow and develop, so highly digestible and high-quality protein sources need to be part of what they eat. Vitamin A is also key, as it helps regulate the growth of skin cells and the production of sebum.

Dandruff in dogs can also be caused by their environment. Seasonal shedding is normal for many breeds of dog, but if their space is particularly warm or cold it can trigger reactions in their skin and interrupt its oil production, which can then lead to dandruff. For example, a particularly warm environment can dry out your dog's skin very quickly.

Dandruff can also be a symptom of a parasitic infestation. Biting lice, sucking lice, and the cheyletiella mite can all cause dandruff as they live in the fur and irritate the skin. This encourages your dog to scratch and their skin to react. The cheyletiella mite in particular causes skin to peel off in scales, which leads to itching, dandruff, and even hair loss.

How can I solve my dog's dandruff problems?

If you notice your dog has ongoing dandruff, itching, scratching, and other skin issues, it's essential that you talk with a vet; although dandruff is common, your vet will want to rule out any other problem such as atopic dermatitis. They'll conduct an examination and tests and provide you with the right treatment for your pet, which is particularly important in the case of parasites.

You can also proactively manage dandruff in your dog by:

• Keeping its environment at a comfortable temperature
• Giving it a food which is rich in the nutrients it needs for healthy skin and hair
• Using appropriate specialist shampoos—human shampoo isn't suitable, as our skin is more acidic and therefore even gentle products can dry out your dog's skin
• Talking with your vet about supplementing your dog's diet with cod liver oil or fish oil to boost their skin health