What is idiopathic cystitis in cats?

FLUTD is a collective term covering any urinary tract disorder affecting the bladder and urethra in cats. The causes of FLUTD include infection, inflammation, congenital defects, neoplasms and crystals and stones. Up to 4.4% of cats each year suffer from FLUTD.2 Cats of any age, breed and gender can be affected but at particular risk are young to middle-aged (2-7 years old), overweight, neutered male cats.2,4 FIC accounts for up to three-quarters of all FLUTD cases.1,2,5

Unfortunately for our pets, feline idiopathic cystitis is particularly elusive in its origin, with ‘idiopathic’ indicating that the exact cause remains unknown. This lack of a clear cause complicates the diagnosis of FIC, leaving it up to pet owners to learn the signs to watch for. If your cat is exhibiting signs of cystitis your vet will collect a thorough history, perform a clinical examination and examine a urine sample. They may take a blood test or suggest x-rays or an ultrasound of the bladder. FIC is only diagnosed if these tests reveal no obvious cause (such as an infection or urinary crystals) for the signs of cystitis.

Cats have a natural instinct to hide pain. This ability helped their survival in the wild but can make it difficult for you to tell when they are suffering. The clinical signs of FIC are similar to those of other causes of FLUTD. Recognising these symptoms is crucial for early detection and intervention.

No one knows your cat better than you. The connection you have with your feline companion allows you to read subtle cues in their body language. Sometimes a change in your cat’s personality or behaviour is the first clue that something isn’t right.

If your cat displays any of the following clinical signs, contact your vet immediately. Prompt veterinary attention will avert or address these urinary emergencies.

Although there are different and specific treatments for cats suffering from certain urinary issues, unfortunately, there is no specific treatment for FIC. However, depending on the severity of the symptoms, your vet may prescribe medications, a special diet or environmental changes. In many cats, FIC will resolve with or without treatment in 1 to 7 days.4 However, up to 65% of cats that develop FIC will have a recurrence within one to two years.2,4 Repeated bouts of FIC can be distressing for your cat and can lead to chronic bladder problems or inflammation.

While there may not be a definitive cure for FIC, an integrated care plan using a multimodal approach to its management can help reduce the incidence of recurring episodes. By being attuned to your cat’s behaviours, taking proactive steps and ensuring regular veterinary check-ups, you can significantly improve your cat’s quality of life.